Uso de Técnicas de Reconocimiento de la Personalidad para Mejorar el Filtrado Bayesiano de Spam

Millions of users per day are affected by unsolicited email campaigns. During the last years several techniques to detect spam have been developed, achieving specially good results using machine learning algorithms. In this work we provide a baseline for a new spam filtering method. Carrying out this research we validate our hypothesis that personality recognition techniques can help in Bayesian spam filtering. We add the personality feature to each email using personality recognition techniques, and then we compare Bayesian spam filters with and without personality in terms of accuracy. In a second experiment we combine personality and polarity features of each message and we compare all the results. At the end, the top ten Bayesian filtering classifiers have been improved, reaching to a 99.24% of accuracy, reducing also the false positive number.Millones de usuarios se ven afectados por las campanas de envío de correos electrónicos no deseados al día. Durante los últimos años diferentes técnicas de detección de spam han sido desarrollados por investigadores, obteniendo especialmente buenos resultados con algoritmos de aprendizaje automático. En este trabajo presentamos una base para un nuevo método de filtrado de spam. Durante el estudio hemos validado la hipótesis de que las técnicas de reconocimiento de personalidad pueden ayudar a mejorar el filtrado Bayesiano de spam. Usando estas técnicas de filtrado, añadimos la característica de personalidad a cada correo, y después comparamos los resultados del filtrado Bayesiano de spam con y sin personalidad, analizando los resultados en términos de exactitud. En un segundo experimento, combinamos las características de personalidad y polaridad de cada mensaje, y comparamos los resultados. Al final, conseguimos mejorar los resultados del filtrado Bayesiano de spam, alcanzando el 99,24% de exactitud, y reduciendo el número de falsos positivos.This work has been partially funded by the Basque Department of Education, Language policy and Culture under the project SocialSPAM (PI_2014_1_102)

A study of the personalization of spam content using Facebook public information

Millions of users per day are affected by unsolicited email campaigns. Spam filters are capable of detecting and avoiding an increasing number of messages, but researchers have quantified a response rate of a 0.006% [1], still significant to turn a considerable profit sending millions of emails, as the spammers do. While research directions are addressing topics such as better spam filters, or spam detection inside online social networks, in this paper we demonstrate that a classic spam model using online social network information can harvest a 7.62% of click-through rate. We collect email addresses from the Internet, complete email owner information using their public social network profile data, and analyze response of personalized spam sent to users according to their profile using a fake website. Finally we demonstrate the effectiveness of these profile-based emails to circumvent spam detection and we compare results between typical spam and personalized spam

El paper del veterinari en front de la tinença d'animals protegits

Treball presentat a l'assignatura de Deontologia i Veterinària Legal (21223

Fotografía y Caridad/Solidaridad

Fotografiar todo el cometido del quehacer social de las Hermandades tiene un inconveniente que es tratar a personas humanas. Quien aporta o da a quien necesita, sí que puede dejarse fotografiar, sin embargo quien recibe puede desear mantener su privacidad… La Caridad o Solidaridad es anónima, no debe tener proyección pública. Podemos recoger imágenes de alimentos, de comedores, de espacios caritativos, sin embargo nunca reflejar a personas por aquello de la privacidad o por mucho pixelarlas. Cualquier imagen a cara descubierta es minusvalorar a la persona que recibe la ayuda. Eso hemos apreciado en momentos de fotografiar en diferentes espacios de las Hermandades sobre este tema de su transcurrir caritativo o solidario

Recent Trends in Sustainable Remediation of Pb-Contaminated Shooting Range Soils: Rethinking Waste Management within a Circular Economy

Soil metal contamination in recreational shooting ranges represents a widespread environmental problem. Lead (Pb) is the primary component of traditional ammunition, followed by metalloids such as antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As). Lead-based bullets and pellets deposited on the soil surface are subject to steady weathering; hence, metal(loid)s are released and accumulated in the underlying soil, with potential adverse consequences for ecosystem function and human health. Amongst the currently available environmentally-safe technologies for the remediation of metal-contaminated soils, chemical immobilization is recognized as the most practical and cost-effective one. This technology often uses inorganic and organic amendments to reduce metal mobility, bioavailability and toxicity (environmental benefits). Likewise, amendments may also promote and speed up the re-establishment of vegetation on metal-affected soils, thus facilitating the conversion of abandoned shooting ranges into public green spaces (social benefit). In line with this, the circular economy paradigm calls for a more sustainable waste management, for instance, by recycling and reusing by-products and wastes in an attempt to reduce the demand for raw materials (economic benefit). The objective of this manuscript is to present a state-of-the-art review of the different industrial and agro-food by-products and wastes used for the remediation of metal-contaminated shooting range soils.This work was financially supported by PRADA project (PID2019-110055RB-C21 and PID2019-110055RB-C22) from MINECO, Phy2SUDOE project (SOE4/P5/E1021) funded by the Interreg Sudoe Programme through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Consolidated Research Group of the Basque Government (GV ITO18-16) and, finally, OTRI project 2020.0670

Self-Description Questionnaire II (short version): evidence of reliability and validity in a sample of chilean adolescents

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la fiabilidad y validez de las puntuaciones de la versión breve del Self-Description Questionnaire II (SDQ-II-S) en población chilena. La muestra se compuso de 1255 adolescentes chilenos, con un rango de edad de 13 a 17 años (M = 15.10; DT = 1.30). El análisis factorial confirmatorio corroboró la estructura original de 11 factores correlacionados del SDQ-II-S. La multidimensionalidad del cuestionario también fue avalada por la pequeña magnitud de las correlaciones entre los 11 factores (M = 0.26). Los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach variaron desde 0.70 hasta 0.84, y se destacó una adecuada fiabilidad. Para profundizar en el análisis de la validez de constructo del SDQ-II-S, se relacionaron las puntuaciones de las diferentes escalas con puntuaciones en medidas de ansiedad (Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo) y autoeficacia (Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica de Situaciones Académicas). Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que estos cuestionarios permiten analizar constructos diferenciados aunque relacionados. Los datos de este trabajo destacan que el SDQ-II-S presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en población chilena, contrarrestando las carencias existentes en lo que respecta a la evaluación del autoconcepto, y resaltan interesantes aplicaciones tanto en el ámbito aplicado como en el de la investigación.This study sought to analyse the reliability and validity of the scores from the Short Version of the Self-Description Questionnaire II (SDQ-II-S). The sample consisted of 1255 Chilean adolescents with an age range of 13–17 years (M = 15.10; SD = 1.30). Confirmatory factor analyses verified the original correlated 11-factor structure of the SDQ-II-S. The multidimensionality of the questionnaire was also supported by small magnitude of correlations among factors (M = 0.26). Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.84, showing adequate reliability. For further analyses of the construct validity of SDQ-II-S, scores of the different scales were related to scores on anxiety (State Anxiety Inventory-Trait) and self-efficacy measurements (Academic Situations Specific Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale). The results revealed that those questionnaires assess different –yet related– constructs. The data presented indicate that the SDQ-II-S shows adequate psychometric properties in the Chilean population, thereby countering the current scarcity of appropriate self-concept assessment measurements, and displaying interesting applications both in the applied and research areas

The Psychological Consequences of COVID-19 and Lockdown in the Spanish Population: An Exploratory Sequential Design

The objectives of this study were to analyze the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown in the Spanish population and to identify what population profiles were most affected. The study used a sequential exploratory design. In the qualitative phase, 40 participants were recruited based on theoretically relevant criteria and the saturation of the information provided by the interviews. In the quantitative phase, a large representative sample was applied. The universe considered was the adult population of Spain. A total of 6789 surveys were conducted. Both the analysis of the narratives of the interviews and the responses to the panel survey showed relevant changes in attitudes and mood swings compared to the period prior to lockdown. These changes include dysphoric moods (i.e., experiences of distress such as sadness/depression, anxiety, rage, feeling of unreality, worry, etc.) and also some euphoric moods (i.e., feelings of well-being, happiness, etc.). A higher number of women were affected than men and a greater increase was observed in younger people. The findings of the study may serve as a basis for detecting needs and providing psychological support, as the symptoms detected as the most common are key for the processes of screening at-risk individuals

La coordinacion de materias de economia en el Grado de Marketing e Investigación de Mercados

El objetivo del proyecto es conocer la posible existencia de solapamiento de los contenidos de las diversas asignaturas de economía que imparte el departamento de Economía e Historia Económica en el grado de Marketing y evaluar el grado de satisfacción del alumno con la metodología utilizada a fin de mejorar la misma. Para ello, se ha realizado una encuesta de elaboración propia a los alumnos matriculados entre los cursos académicos 2004-05 y 2008-09. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten descartar un excesivo solapamiento de contenidos, tan solo el 10,6% de la muestra manifestó dicha opción, y para el 43,6% de los preguntados los contenidos de las asignaturas resultan complementarios. En cuanto a la metodología docente aunque no parece distar de la adecuada en función de las respuestas, un 60% considera que debería combinar las clases magistrales del profesor, con la preparación y posterior exposición por parte de los alumnos de contenidos teóricos y prácticos de las asignaturas .Sí manifiestan una excesiva carga teórica que dificulta en ocasiones la comprensión de las materias. En cuanto a la motivación del alumnado a partir del trabajo de los profesores, la respuesta supera una media de 3 en la escala de Likert, lo cual implica que no hay una clara desmotivación, aunque es susceptible de mejora al no encontraese con una media de 4The goal of this research is to determine if there exist overlapping contents among the different subjects of economics given by Economics and Economic History Department at the Marketing degree. In addition, we try to evaluate the student’s satisfaction with the methodology applied in the different subjects in the past, in order to improve it. To achieve these goals, we have carried out our own survey to the students along the academic years between 2004/2005 and 2008/2009. The main results can be summarised as follows: On the one hand, the existence of excessive common contents can be rejected since only the 10% of the sample suggests that such common contents exist. Moreover, for the 43,6% of the students, the content of the different subjects are complementary. On the other hand, as far as educational methodology is concerned, the answers given in the survey allow us to conclude that in general they have been satisfactory for the students. Nevertheless, more than the 60% of the sample considers that the methodology should combine the traditional lectures with personal work and later exposition of theoretical and practical contents of subjects by the students. Furthermore, students suggest that theoretical contents are excessive in comparison with the practical ones which can be an obstacle to understand the subjects. Concerning students’ motivation, on average the answer is over 3 in the Likert scale, which implies that, although there is not discouragement in relation to the subjects given by the Department, improvements can be done in this are